How+to+distinguish+immune+cells

Wikipedia quote

Under the [|microscope], lymphocytes can be divided into large lymphocytes and small lymphocytes. Large granular lymphocytes include [|natural killer cells] (NK cells). Small lymphocytes consist of [|T cells] and [|B cells].

Microscopically, in a [|Wright's stained] [|peripheral blood smear], a normal lymphocyte has a large, dark-staining nucleus with little to no [|eosinophilic] cytoplasm. In normal situations, the coarse, dense nucleus of a lymphocyte is approximately the size of a red blood cell (about 7 micrometres in diameter).

Lymphocytes themselves are about 7-8 um in diameter whereas neutrophills are larger (10-12 um). The wikipedia article on white blood cells has a nice table of the characteristics of different immune cells. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cell

Quote: "white blood cells are often characterized as [|granulocytes] or [|agranulocytes]"


 * **Granulocytes** (polymorphonuclear leukocytes): leukocytes characterised by the presence of differently staining [|granules] in their cytoplasm when viewed under light microscopy. These granules are [|membrane-bound] enzymes that act primarily in the digestion of [|endocytosed] particles. There are three types of granulocytes: [|neutrophils], [|basophils], and [|eosinophils], which are named according to their staining properties.
 * **Agranulocytes** (mononuclear leukocytes): leukocytes characterized by the apparent absence of [|granules] in their [|cytoplasm]. Although the name implies a lack of granules these cells do contain non-specific [|azurophilic granules], which are [|lysosomes].[|[][|4][|]] The cells include [|lymphocytes], [|monocytes], and [|macrophages].[|[][|5][|]]

in adults[|[][|6][|]] See also: [|Blood values] ||~ Diameter ([|μm])[|[][|6][|]] ||~ Main targets[|[][|3][|]] ||~ Nucleus[|[][|3][|]] ||~ Granules[|[][|3][|]] ||~ Lifetime[|[][|6][|]] || (days in [|spleen] and other tissue) || immature: months to years ||
 * ~ Type ||~ Microscopic Appearance ||~ Diagram ||~ Approx. %
 * [|Neutrophil] || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/PBNeutrophil.jpg/60px-PBNeutrophil.jpg width="60" height="60" caption="PBNeutrophil.jpg" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PBNeutrophil.jpg"]] || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Neutrophil.png/60px-Neutrophil.png width="60" height="59" caption="Neutrophil.png" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Neutrophil.png"]] || 54–62%[|[][|5][|]] || 10–12 || * [|bacteria]
 * [|fungi] || [|multilobed] || fine, faintly pink (H&E Stain) || 6 hours–few days
 * [|Eosinophil] || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/PBEosinophil.jpg/70px-PBEosinophil.jpg width="70" height="70" caption="PBEosinophil.jpg" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PBEosinophil.jpg"]] || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Eosinophil_1.png/70px-Eosinophil_1.png width="70" height="55" caption="Eosinophil 1.png" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eosinophil_1.png"]] || 1–6% || 10–12 || * larger [|parasites]
 * modulate [|allergic] [|inflammatory] responses || [|bi-lobed] || full of pink-orange (H&E Stain) || 8–12 days (circulate for 4–5 hours) ||
 * [|Basophil] || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/PBBasophil.jpg/60px-PBBasophil.jpg width="60" height="60" caption="PBBasophil.jpg" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PBBasophil.jpg"]] || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Basophil.png/60px-Basophil.png width="60" height="48" caption="Basophil.png" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Basophil.png"]] || <1% || 12–15 || * release [|histamine] for [|inflammatory] responses || [|bi-lobed] or [|tri-lobed] || large blue || a few hours to a few days ||
 * [|Lymphocyte] || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Lymphocyte2.jpg/60px-Lymphocyte2.jpg width="60" height="41" caption="Lymphocyte2.jpg" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lymphocyte2.jpg"]] || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Lymphocyte.png/70px-Lymphocyte.png width="70" height="74" caption="Lymphocyte.png" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lymphocyte.png"]] || 28–33% || 7–8 || * [|B cells]: releases antibodies and assists activation of T cells
 * [|T cells]:
 * [|CD4]+ [|Th (T helper) cells]: activate and regulate T and B cells
 * [|CD8+] [|cytotoxic T cells]: [|virus]-infected and [|tumor] cells.
 * [|γδ T cells]:
 * [|Regulatory (suppressor) T cells]: Returns the functioning of the immune system to normal operation after infection; prevents [|autoimmunity]
 * [|Natural killer cells]: [|virus]-infected and [|tumor] cells. || deeply staining, eccentric || NK-cells and Cytotoxic (CD8+) T-cells || years for memory cells, weeks for all else. ||
 * [|Monocyte] || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Monocyte.jpg/85px-Monocyte.jpg width="85" height="86" caption="Monocyte.jpg" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Monocyte.jpg"]] || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Monocyte.png/100px-Monocyte.png width="100" height="44" caption="Monocyte.png" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Monocyte.png"]] || 2–10% || 7.72–9.99[|[][|7][|]] || Monocytes migrate from the bloodstream to other tissues and differentiate into tissue resident macrophages, [|Kupffer cells] in the liver. || kidney shaped || none || hours to days ||
 * [|Macrophage] || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Macrophage.jpg/90px-Macrophage.jpg width="90" height="72" caption="Macrophage.jpg" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Macrophage.jpg"]] || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Macrophage.png/95px-Macrophage.png width="95" height="81" caption="Macrophage.png" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Macrophage.png"]] ||  || 21 (human)[|[][|8][|]] || Is a monocyte derivative. [|Phagocytosis] (engulfment and digestion) of cellular debris and [|pathogens], and stimulation of [|lymphocytes] and other immune cells that respond to the pathogen. ||   ||^   || activated: days
 * [|Dendritic cells] || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Dendritic_cell.JPG/50px-Dendritic_cell.JPG width="50" height="42" caption="Dendritic cell.JPG" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dendritic_cell.JPG"]] || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Dendritic_Cell_ZP.svg/50px-Dendritic_Cell_ZP.svg.png width="50" height="49" caption="Dendritic Cell ZP.svg" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dendritic_Cell_ZP.svg"]] ||  ||   || Is a monocyte derivative. Main function is as an [|antigen-presenting cell] (APC) that activates T lymphocytes. ||   ||^   || similar to macrophages ||

I have made scalebars that we can use for the images from the CKX41 microscope in our tissue culture room.

Scalebars for CKX41 microscope